The exact causes of endometriosis remain unknown, and currently, there is no cure.

 

One widely known theory is retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity instead of leaving the body. However, this theory does not fully explain why endometriosis occurs in some individuals and not others, or why the condition can be found in areas far beyond the reproductive organs.

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Potential causes ​

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Research suggests that genetics may also play a role, as endometriosis sometimes runs in families. Other theories explore potential links to immune system dysfunction, imbalances in the gut microbiome (the community of “good” bacteria), the presence of specific bacteria or viruses, exposure to environmental toxins, or physical trauma.

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Despite these ideas, no single explanation captures the complexity of endometriosis. This uncertainty highlights the urgent need for further research to uncover its root causes. Only by deepening our understanding can we move closer to discovering effective treatments and, ultimately, a cure.

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Endometriosis is a complex and highly individualised condition, with symptoms and severity varying greatly from person to person. By fostering greater awareness and knowledge, we can help those affected feel seen, supported, and empowered to navigate their journey with confidence and compassion.